INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: Have You Ever Wondered What 3G and 4G Really Mean?

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3G or Third Generation mobile services comply with the IMT-2000 standards specifications. They use Wideband - Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA) technique for multiplexing users. This is similar to a having a group of people in a room and each one talking to another in a different language which appears like gibberish to those who do not know the language. The data from individual users is scrambled using codes and for users without the code, the data appears as noise. 3G uses HSPA (High Speed Packet Access) and HSPA+ technologies for data which provide a minimum data rate of 2Mb/s to stationary users and 384kb/s to users in motion. The introduction of 3G services also helped in the speeding up the conversion of telecommunication networks from the traditional circuit switched type to IP based packet switched networks.
4G/Fourth generation of mobile services was designed in the light of increased use of data services which came by with the introduction of 3G and cheaper smartphones. It uses OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) for downlink from the base station to the mobile phone and Single Carrier - Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for uplink from the mobile phone to the base station. 4G offers data rates as high as 1Gb/s. Compared to speeds in a 3G network, accessing data in 4G is as fast as driving a Ferrari. 4G uses an all IP network (All devices and nodes in the network can support and recognize IP) and ensures lesser latency with a flatter network (the network does not have multiple hierarchical elements).

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